The Krishna Raja Sagara (KRS) Dam, located near Mysore in Karnataka, India, is an extraordinary example of engineering brilliance and a popular tourist attraction. Constructed across the Cauvery River, this historic structure not only plays a vital role in irrigation and hydroelectric power generation but also serves as a scenic destination for visitors. In this comprehensive article, we will delve into the history, architecture, tourism significance, and ecological importance of the KRS Dam.
The History of KRS Dam
The KRS Dam was built during the reign of Maharaja Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV under the guidance of Sir M. Visvesvaraya, one of India’s most esteemed engineers. Construction of the dam began in 1911 and was completed in 1931. This monumental project was undertaken to address the irrigation needs of the Mysore and Mandya districts and to provide water to Bangalore city.
Significance in Pre-Independence India
The dam was one of the largest in Asia during its time of construction. Its completion marked a significant milestone in India’s engineering history. The reservoir created by the dam, known as the KRS Reservoir or Brindavan Gardens, has been a lifeline for agriculture in Karnataka.
Engineering and Architecture
The KRS Dam stands as a testament to early 20th-century engineering innovation. Here are some key architectural highlights:
Dimensions and Capacity
- Length: The dam stretches 3.2 kilometers across the Cauvery River.
- Height: The dam is 130 feet high.
- Storage Capacity: The reservoir can hold up to 49.45 TMC (Thousand Million Cubic feet) of water.
- Structure: Built with a combination of surkhi mortar and stone, the dam is both sturdy and aesthetically impressive.
Irrigation and Hydroelectric Power
The water from the dam is primarily used for irrigating over 1.5 million acres of farmland in the Mandya, Mysore, and Chamarajanagar districts. Additionally, it supplies water to hydroelectric power plants, contributing to Karnataka’s energy needs.
Tourism at KRS Dam
Brindavan Gardens
Located below the dam is the Brindavan Gardens, a meticulously landscaped garden featuring:
- Musical Fountains: The synchronized musical fountain show is a major attraction, captivating visitors with its vibrant lights and rhythmic water jets.
- Floral Displays: The garden is adorned with a variety of flowering plants, shrubs, and trees, making it a paradise for nature lovers.
- Boating: Visitors can enjoy boating in the calm waters of the reservoir, offering breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit the KRS Dam and Brindavan Gardens is between October and February when the weather is pleasant and the gardens are in full bloom.
Ecological and Economic Importance
The KRS Dam is not just a marvel of engineering; it also has immense ecological and economic significance.
Water Resource Management
- The dam helps regulate the flow of the Cauvery River, preventing floods during monsoons and ensuring adequate water supply during dry seasons.
- It provides drinking water to cities like Mysore and Bangalore.
Agricultural Impact
- The reservoir is the lifeline for farmers in Karnataka, ensuring a consistent water supply for irrigation.
- It supports the cultivation of sugarcane, paddy, and other crops, contributing significantly to the state’s economy.
Biodiversity
- The dam’s surroundings are home to various species of birds, making it a haven for birdwatchers and wildlife enthusiasts.
- The lush greenery around the dam also supports a diverse ecosystem.
Also Read: KRS Dam, Mysore: Timings 2024, Entry Details & Visitor Guide
How to Reach KRS Dam
By Road
The dam is easily accessible by road, located approximately:
- 18 km from Mysore.
- 143 km from Bangalore.
By Train
Mysore Junction is the nearest railway station, well-connected to major cities in India.
By Air
The nearest airport is Mysore Airport, which is about 20 km from the dam. Alternatively, Kempegowda International Airport in Bangalore is around 175 km away.
Tips for Visitors
- Plan: Visit during the evening to enjoy the illuminated musical fountains.
- Carry Essentials: Wear comfortable footwear and carry water bottles, especially if you plan to explore the Brindavan Gardens extensively.
- Respect Nature: Avoid littering and follow local guidelines to preserve the natural beauty of the area.
- Check Timings: The dam and gardens have specific visiting hours, so plan your trip accordingly.
Interesting Facts About KRS Dam
- The dam was named after Maharaja Krishna Raja Wadiyar IV, the ruler of Mysore.
- It was one of the first dams in India to use a combination of cement and stone rubble masonry.
- The reservoir serves as a primary water source for Bangalore city, ensuring the sustenance of millions of residents.
Conclusion
The KRS Dam in Mysore is not just an architectural marvel but also a symbol of Karnataka’s progress and resilience. Its contribution to agriculture, power generation, and tourism underscores its multifaceted importance. Whether you are a history enthusiast, a nature lover, or simply looking for a serene getaway, the KRS Dam and Brindavan Gardens offer something for everyone.